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oligarchical organization

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  • political party — Group of persons organized to acquire and exercise political power. Formal political parties originated in their modern form in Europe and the U.S. in the 19th century. Whereas mass based parties appeal for support to the whole electorate, cadre… …   Universalium

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  • Nineteen Eighty-Four in popular media — George Orwell s dystopian political novel Nineteen Eighty Four has been adapted for the cinema twice, for the radio and television at least twice. References to its themes, concepts and plot elements are also frequent in other works, particularly …   Wikipedia

  • Political Parties (book) — Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy is a book by sociologist Robert Michels, published in 1911 (translated to English in 1915), and first introducing the concept of iron law of oligarchy. It… …   Wikipedia

  • COMMUNITY — antiquity middle ages character and structures functions and duties individual centers the muslim caliphate in the east …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

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  • Constitution of Argentina of 1853 — Argentine Constitution of 1853 Cover of the original manuscript of the 1853 Constitution Ratified …   Wikipedia

  • Iron law of oligarchy — The iron law of oligarchy is a political theory, first developed by the German syndicalist sociologist Robert Michels in his 1911 book, Political Parties. It states that all forms of organization, regardless of how democratic they may be at the… …   Wikipedia

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